Sara英语课堂－掌握情态动词 SHOULD 的所有用法

Hey, English learners.

嘿，各位英语学习者。

Welcome back to our English modal verbs series.

欢迎回到我们的“英语情态动词系列”课程。

In the last lesson, we talked about all the uses of could.

上一课我们讲了 could 的所有用法。

Now, if you haven't watched that lesson, there's a link in the description.

如果你还没看过那节课，视频简介里有链接。

I want you to watch that lesson, because in that lesson, I explain how these little words make huge difference in your English sentences.

提议大家也去看看，由于我在那节课里解释了这些小词是如何给英语句子带来巨大变化的。

In today's lesson, we are focusing on the most commonly used and the most commonly misunderstood modal verb, should.

今天这节课，我们将重点学习最常用也最容易被误解的情态动词——should。

Now, should is one of those words that show up everywhere in English.

should 这个词在英语里随处可见。

When giving advice, expressing obligation, talking about the past, or even sharing your expectations.

提提议、表明义务、谈论过去，甚至分享期望时，都会用到它。

So, in this video, we will learn the grammatical use of should, the correct sentence structures, common mistakes English learners make, and of course, a lot of examples and quick quiz at the end.

所以，在本期视频中，我们将学习 should 的语法用法、正确的句式结构、英语学习者常犯的错误，当然，最后还有大量的例子和快速问答。

So, are you ready?

那么，准备好了吗？

Come on, let's get started.

我们开始吧。

First, let's start with the basics.

第一，我们从基础用法讲起。

What is should?

Should 是什么？

Now, should is a modal verb used for advice or recommendations, expectations or likelihood, to show a moral duty or obligation, even to express regret or criticism about the past.

Should 是一个情态动词，可以用来提提议或推荐、表达期望或可能性、表明道义责任或义务，甚至能表达对过去的懊悔或批评。

The sentence structure is something like this.

它的句式结构是这样的。

First, we use the subject, then should, and then the base verb.

结构是：主语 + should + 动词原形。

And the best part is, no matter what the subject is, should always remains should.

最方便的是，无论主语是什么，should 的形式都保持不变。

For example, “You should go now, ” “He should go now, ” or, “She should go now.” Now, let's understand the six main uses of should and in what situations do we use them.

列如，“你目前应该走了”、“他目前应该走了”，或者“她目前应该走了”。接下来，我们来了解 should 的六种主要用法，以及它们分别适用于哪些情况。

The first use of should is for giving advice or suggestions.

Should 的第一个用法是提出提议或意见。

Now, this is the most common use.

这是它最常见的用法。

You should to give advice, suggestions, or opinions.

你可以用 should 来提提议、出主意或发表见解。

Should expresses what is right, or what is advisable, or recommended based on the information available.

Should 可以根据现有信息，表达什么是正确、可取或值得推荐的做法。

I hope you got it.

希望你理解了。

Here are some examples.

下面我们来看几个例子。

“You should see a doctor about that cough.” Now, here, I'm giving advice.

“你这咳嗽应该去看看医生。”这里我就是在提提议。

“We should try that new restaurant downtown.” Now, here, I'm suggesting something.

“我们应该去试试市中心那家新开的餐厅。”这里我就是在提议。

“The government should invest more in education.” Now, here, I'm expressing my opinion.

“政府应该加大教育投入。”这里我是在表达我的观点。

“You should read that book. It's excellent. ” Now, here, it's a recommendation.

“你应该读那本书，超级棒。”这句话就是在做推荐。

Now, in all these sentences, we can replace should with could, but should is more stronger.

在上面这些句子中，我们都可以用 could 替换 should，但 should 的语气更强硬。

It lays emphasis on what is the right thing to do.

它强调的是什么才是正确的做法。

Though it's not mandatory that someone has to do it, but it's a strong recommendation or advice.

虽然这并非强制要求，但它是一种强烈的推荐或提议。

I hope you got it.

希望你理解了。

Moving on to the next use of should, and that's expressing obligation or duty.

我们接着看 should 的下一个用法：表达义务或责任。

We use should to talk about rules, responsibilities, or things that are morally right to do or, or you expect someone to do.

我们用 should 来谈论规则、责任，以及道义上该做或你期望别人去做的事。

Take a look at these examples.

我们来看几个例子。

“You should keep your promises.” Now, this is an ethical duty.

“你应当信守承诺。”这是一种道义责任。

It means it's your ethical obligation that you should keep all your promises.

也就是说，信守承诺是你应尽的道义责任。

“You should wear a seatbelt while driving.” Now, again, this is an obligation.

“开车时应该系好安全带。”同样，这也是一种义务。

It's a rule or a norm set by the government.

这是政府制定的一项规定或准则。

“People should vote in elections.” So here, it talks about a personal duty or a personal obligation.

“人们应该参与选举投票。”所以，这里指的是个人应尽的责任或义务。

“You should always tell the truth.” Now, here, it's a moral obligation or a moral duty.

“你应该始终说实话。”这里的 should，指的就是道德义务或道德责任。

Now, again, in all these sentences, we can use must, but must sounds more like an order.

另外，上面这些句子也都可以用 must，但 must 的语气更像命令。

When we use should, it sounds less forceful, and it also shows what's right to do or what's expected to be done.

而 should 的语气则没那么强硬，它表明某件事是正确的，或是众所期望的。

Should expresses a sense of responsibility, moral obligation, or an expected behavior.

Should 这个词表达的是责任感、道德义务或人们所期望的行为。

Moving on to the third use of should.

我们再来看看 should 的第三种用法。

The third use of should is to express expectations or probability.

should 的第三种用法是表达预期或可能性。

We use should to say what is likely or expected to happen, maybe now or in the future.

我们用 should 来表明，某件事在目前或将来很可能或预计会发生。

Should expresses what we expect to happen.

Should 表达了我们预期会发生的事情。

Now, it's based on the logic or the available information.

这种判断是基于逻辑或现有信息的。

Now, this use of should shows certainty, not 100% certainty, but around 70 to 80% certainty.

should 的这种用法表明一种肯定，但不是百分百确定，把握大约在七到八成。

It's not like an absolute certainty.

这并非绝对肯定。

For example, “The package should arrive tomorrow.” Now, why I'm saying this?

“包裹应该明天到。”我为什么这么说呢？

Based on the shipping time, I have a tracking data when the package will arrive, so I'm 70 to 80% certain that it will arrive tomorrow.

根据运输时间和物流信息，我有七八成的把握包裹明天会到。

The next sentence.

我们来看下一句。

“She should pass the exam. She studied hard. ” So this is a predicted outcome, because you know that she studied hard, so you're expecting her to pass the exam. ” This pizza should serve four people.

“她应该能通过考试，毕竟她学习很努力。”这是一个预测的结果，由于你知道她学习刻苦，所以你预计她能通过考试。“这份披萨应该够四个人吃。”

Possibly ordering online, and in the menu, you see, it says it serves four to five people.

列如你网购披萨时，看到菜单上写着”可供四到五人食用”。

So it's an expected result, but you know that this pizza is going to serve four people.

所以这是一个预期的结果，你也就知道这份披萨够四个人吃。

It means four people can eat the pizza.

意思就是够四个人吃。

“The weather should be nice this weekend.” Now, this is an expectation about the weather based on the forecast report.

“这个周末天气应该不错。”这是根据天气预报做出的推测。

So did you see?

所以你看清楚了吗？

Should is not 100% certain, but very likely that something might happen.

Should 并不表明百分之百的肯定，而是指某件事很可能发生。

I hope you got it.

希望你理解了。

Now, moving on to the fourth use of should, which is very important, should in conditional sentences.

接下来我们来看 should 的第四种用法，这一点超级重大，就是 should 在条件句中的使用。

It means in hypothetical situations.

也就是用于假设的情境。

Now, we use should in formal or written English, especially in conditional sentences, to sound more polite or uncertain.

在正式或书面英语中，尤其是在条件句里，使用 should 可以让语气显得更礼貌或不确定。

It's mainly used in type one conditional sentences to express a possibility or condition that may or may not happen.

它主要用于第一类条件句，以表达一种可能发生也可能不发生的假设条件。

Now, if you want to know more about conditional sentences, we have videos on conditional sentences on our channel.

如果你想深入了解条件句，可以看看我们频道上的相关视频。

You can just search them on the channel.

直接在频道里搜索就行。

You'll find them.

就能找到。

And if you want me to do lessons on conditional sentences, do let me know that in the comments.

如果你想让我出一些关于条件句的课程，也请在评论区告知我。

Let's take a look at some examples.

我们来看几个例子。

Should you need help, just call me.

万一你需要协助，就给我打电话。

Note one thing: In this sentence, we have replaced the if clause with should.

请注意，这个句子用 should 替代了 if。

Now, if you say, If you need help, just call me, it means the same when you say, Should you need help, just call me.

“If you need help，just call me”和“Should you need help，just call me”这两个句子的意思是一样的。

But when you use should, it sounds more empathetic and polite.

但使用 should 的话，语气会显得更体贴、更礼貌。

Here's another one.

再看一个例子。

Should I see him, I will give him your message.

如果我见到他，我会替你向他传话。

Now, here you are expressing a possibility.

这里表达的是一种可能性。

It's not 100% certain, but you're expressing a possibility.

这并非百分之百确定，只是在表达一种可能性。

Should there be a delay, we will inform you.

万一出现延误，我们会通知您。

Now, here again, we are talking about uncertain future events.

目前，我们再来讨论一下不确定的未来事件。

So all these sentences are conditional sentences.

所以这些句子都是条件句。

If this happens, I will do this.

如果发生这种情况，我就会那么做。

Now, look at the difference in these sentences.

目前，来看看这些句子的区别。

If you say, If you need anything, let me know.

列如你说：“如果你需要任何东西，请告知我。”

Now, this sounds more neutral.

这听起来就比较中性。

But if you use should and say, Should you need anything, let me know, this sounds more formal and polite.

但如果你用 should，说成“万一你需要任何东西，请告知我”，这样听起来就更正式、更有礼貌。

I hope you understood how should makes a difference to your sentences.

希望你清楚了 should 会给句子带来怎样的变化。

Now, let's move on to the next use of should, again, which is a very important use, the use of should have.

接下来，我们学习 should 的下一个用法，这个用法也超级重大，就是 should have。

Now, we use should have plus the past participle, and it's mainly used to express regret or criticism.

我们用 should have 加上过去分词，主要用来表达后悔或批评。

It means you use it to express a regret about something you did in the past or to criticize something, to criticize some actions that were done in the past.

也就是说，你可以用它来对自己过去的行为表明后悔，或者批评别人过去的一些做法。

In other words, we use should have to talk about something that didn't happen in the past and you wish it had.

换句话说，我们用 should have 来谈论过去没发生、但你却希望它发生了的事。

The structure looks something like this.

它的结构是这样的。

We use the subject plus should have plus the past participle.

我们使用“主语 + should have + 过去分词”的结构。

Let's take a look at some examples.

我们来看几个例子。

I should have studied harder for the exam.

我本应该更努力地复习备考的。

Did I study hard?

我努力复习了吗？

No.

没有。

Possibly I got less marks, so I am expressing a regret.

可能我考的分数比较低，所以我是在表达一种懊悔。

And notice the verb I have used after should have.

注意看 should have 后面我用的动词。

It's the past participle of study.

是 study 的过去分词。

The next sentence.

看下一个句子。

You shouldn't have said that to her.

你本不该对她那么说的。

But you did, right?

但你还是说了，对吧？

Possibly you're not supposed to say that to her.

你可能本就不该对她说那话。

Now, this is criticism.

这就是一种批评。

And again, notice the verb.

同样，注意动词。

We have used said.

我们用的是 said。

We should have bought that house.

我们本该买下那栋房子的。

Possibly the price now has gone really up.

可能目前房价涨得超级高了。

Here it's talking about a missed opportunity, but it shows a regret about the past.

这里说的是错失良机，但表达的是对过去的懊悔。

We use this structure, should have plus the past participle, especially when you're looking back and thinking.

当我们回顾过去并反思时，尤其会用到“should have + 过去分词”这个结构。

It's like saying, you know, I made a mistake, or possibly, That wasn't the best decision.

这就像在说：“我犯了个错”，或者“那可能不是最好的决定。”

In these situations, we use should have plus past participle.

在这些情况下，我们会用 should have 加过去分词。

And now let's move on to the final use of should, should in reported speech.

目前我们来学习 should 的最后一个用法：在间接引语中的用法。

I explained what is reported speech in the last lesson, in the lesson where we covered all the uses of could.

在上一节关于 could 所有用法的课上，我解释了什么是间接引语。

If you haven't watched, do watch that lesson.

如果你还没看，必定要去看那一课。

Now, in reporting advice or suggestion, we can use should in indirect speech.

在转述提议时，我们可以在间接引语中使用 should。

What is an indirect speech?

什么是间接引语？

You're stating what someone said.

你是在陈述别人说过的话。

And one important rule to remember: Should always stays should in reported speech, because it already expresses advice, obligation, or expectations.

要记住一个重大规则：在间接引语中，Should 永远是 Should，由于它本身就已经表达了提议、义务或期望。

Take a look at these examples.

来看看这些例子。

You should see a doctor.

你应该去看医生。

Now, this is a sentence in direct speech.

这是一个直接引语的句子。

But if I say, He said that I should see a doctor, I'm just stating what someone said, this is reported speech.

但如果我说“他说我应该去看医生”，我只是在陈述别人说的话，这就是间接引语。

And did you notice?

你注意到了吗？

Should hasn't changed.

Should 的形式没有变化。

It remains the same.

它保持原样。

The next example.

我们来看下一个例子。

You should apologize to her.

你应该向她道歉。

Again, this is direct speech.

这同样是直接引语。

He told me I should apologize to her.

他告知我，我应该向她道歉。

This is reported speech.

这是间接引语。

I'm stating what someone said.

我这是在转述别人的话。

The next one.

我们再看一个。

The package should arrive tomorrow.

包裹应该明天到。

This is direct speech.

这是直接引语。

She said, “The package should arrive tomorrow.” This is reported speech.

她说：“包裹应该明天到。”这是间接引语。

Let's look at one more example.

我们再来看一个例子。

Should you need help, call me.

如果你需要协助，就给我打电话。

This is direct speech.

这是直接引语。

And in reported speech, we can say, He said that should I need help, I should call him.

而在间接引语中，我们就可以说成：他说如果我需要协助，就应该给他打电话。

The subject changes because we are stating what someone said.

主语变了，由于我们是在转述别人的话。

So in the direct speech, the subject was you.

列如在直接引语中，主语是“you”。

In reported speech, the subject changes to I.

而在间接引语中，主语就变成了“I”。

All right.

好了。

Now, let's test your understanding.

目前，我们来检验一下你的掌握情况。

It's quiz time.

小测验时间到了。

Let's see how well you understood this lesson.

来看看你这节课掌握得怎么样吧。

You have four questions on your screen.

屏幕上有四个问题。

In the blank, you need to either fill should or should have.

请在空格处填上 should 或者 should have。

Take your time, pause the video, take a screenshot, and drop your answers in the comments.

大家可以慢慢来，暂停视频、截个图，然后在评论区留下答案。

So, English learners, that's all for today.

好了，各位英语学习者，今天的内容就到这里。

I hope you mastered all the uses of should.

希望大家已经掌握了 should 的所有用法。

In our previous lessons, we learned about could.

在之前的课程中，我们学习了 could 的用法。

And in our next lesson, we will explore all the uses of would.

下节课，我们将学习 would 的所有用法。

If you like this lesson, give this lesson a thumbs up and share it with your friends who are learning English.

如果你喜爱这节课，请为它点赞，并分享给正在学英语的朋友。

They might actually need it.

他们可能正需要这堂课呢。

Let me know in the comments which use of should do you find most confusing.

欢迎在评论区告知我，你觉得 should 的哪种用法最让你困惑。

And remember, keep learning and keep practicing English.

记住，要坚持学习、不断练习英语。

Only then you'll master all these little grammar rules.

只有这样，你才能掌握所有这些零散的语法知识点。

I will see you in the next video.

我们下个视频见。

Until then, take care and bye for now.

那么下次再见，大家保重，拜拜！